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Two types of segments are shown, one called binary code and the other gray code. The arrangement of segments is such that each position of the disk (within the possible resolution) can be defined by a unique combination of 0’s and 1’s.įigure 3 shows a disk with four tracks. Each track is divided into a number of black and white segments and a sensor can detect if a segment is black or white, which stand for 0 and 1. The physical part of the encoder consists of a flat round disk on which four or five tracks are painted. Wind vane: Instrument for detecting the direction of the wind, consisting of an aerodynamic body that rotates about an axis and can orient itself with the wind direction. This is as opposed to an absolute encoder that determines the displacement (and position) of a shaft within only one revolution.Īnemometer: Device to measure the wind speed.Ībsolute encoder: Determines the angular position of a shaft or rotating body in its 360° angular displacement as opposed to incremental encoder. Incremental encoder: Type of encoder (for a rotating shaft) that adds the number of revolutions and determines the total displacement of a shaft during a given time. For five digits, each reading corresponds to 360 ÷ 25 = 11.25°. For four digits, each reading corresponds to 360 ÷ 24 = 22.5°. The more the number of digits (and the wires) the more accurate the reading is. The resolution of measurement depends on whether four or five (or other) number of digits are used. This encoder generates a four- or five-digit binary code that can be transmitted with the same number (4 or 5) of wires carrying 0 and 1 values, which then can be decoded to find the angle position of a shaft within 360°. Without going into much detail we briefly study the encoder part of the second type. There are plenty of applications of encoders in the industry and home devices. The second one, called absolute encoder, can be used in a wind vane to detect the wind direction. The first one, called incremental encoder, can be used in an anemometer, a device that measures the wind speed. The best example of an encoder is what is used to measure the rpm of a rotating shaft or to find the angle position of a shaft in one revolution.
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It has 2 N or less inputs containing information, which are converted to be held by N bits of output. EncoderĪn encoder does the reverse of a decoder. A Karnaugh map can be used to simplify the logic expression.įigure 2 Truth table for BCD to seven-segment display. Each segment in the display (a to g) can be expressed as a function of the four inputs. Study of the table in Figure 2 reveals that it shows the truth table of the decoder circuit. Those that must be lit are tabulated for all digits from 0 to 9. The segments are named a to g, as shown in the figure. For each single digit number, certain segments in the display must be lit. For example, the requirement for a decoder to light up a seven-segment display is as shown in Figure 2. The decoder logic circuit is defined based on writing the requirement for each output element and simplifying the resulting logic expression. Comparing with 10 switches and 10 lines, the same function is performed with only four lines.Īs another example consider a decoder that converts from binary digits to a seven-segment display to illuminate numbers 0 to 9, that is, for lighting up a one-digit decimal number.įigure 1 Circuit for BCD to decimal decoder. This circuit is good for lighting up one light out of 10 or opening a door out of 10 doors, for example, corresponding to each number. Figure 1 depicts the circuit for a decoder, which translates from BCD (binary-coded decimal) to decimal numbers. In a way, it extracts information from packaged data.Ī decoder is a combination circuit meaning that it consists of various gates that put together a number of conditions carried by the input code.
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A decoder is a combination circuit that converts the binary information from N inputs to a maximum of 2 N distinct outputs. In general, a binary code of N bits can represent 2 N distinct values. The code converter receives the inputs for a number to be displayed and depending on the input states (corresponding to the number) determines which bars must be lit. A seven-segment LED has seven LED bars, but not all must be turned on.
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Although four bits (lines) can hold up to 16 numbers, all 16 do not necessarily need to be utilized. Code conversion refers to the translation between the data stored in bits and the data for an application, in other words, conversion of data from one form to another.Ī good example is a conversion from four bits of information that are available on four lines lighting up 10 decimal numbers (from 0 to 9) on a seven-segment LED.